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def invalid_encodings( model, fields, deleted=false )
  report = {}
  records = if (deleted)
    model.find_with_deleted(:all)
  else
    model.find(:all)
  end
  records.each do |record|
    fields.each do |field|
      begin
        record[field].each_char { |char| char.unpack('U') } unless record[field].blank?
      rescue
        report[ record.id ] ||= []
        report[ record.id ] << field
      end
    end
  end
  report
end